.research-intro {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  max-width: 640px;
}

/* ── Paper cards ─────────────────────────────── */
.papers-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 20px;
}

.paper-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 10px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 20px;
  transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.paper-card:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.15);
}

/* Thumbnail */
.paper-thumb {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--thumb-bg);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  align-self: center;
}
.paper-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: 6px;
}

/* Coloured placeholders for papers without images */
.paper-thumb-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 1.3;
  padding: 14px;
}
.ph-teal    { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f766e 0%, #0d9488 100%); }
.ph-rose    { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #be123c 0%, #e11d48 100%); }
.ph-amber   { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b45309 0%, #d97706 100%); }
.ph-slate   { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #334155 0%, #475569 100%); }
.ph-emerald { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #047857 0%, #059669 100%); }

/* Paper body */
.paper-content { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }

.paper-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.paper-year { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 12px; }

.paper-title {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  display: block;
}
.paper-title:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }
span.paper-title { cursor: default; }
span.paper-title:hover { color: var(--text); }

.paper-authors {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.paper-authors .me { color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }

.paper-desc {
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.paper-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* ── Featured publication strips on homepage ── */
.featured-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
}

.featured-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  transition: border-color 0.2s;
}
.featured-card:hover { border-color: var(--accent); }

.featured-title {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.featured-title:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }

.featured-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.see-all {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  margin-top: 18px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.see-all:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }

/* ── Subsection heading within research page ── */
.subsection-title {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 40px 0 16px;
}

/* ── Responsive ───────────────────────────── */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .paper-card {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
  }
  .paper-thumb {
    width: 100%;
    height: 220px;
    align-self: auto;
  }
}